What is Developmental Monitoring(兒童發展監測)?

美國CDC的資訊

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/wicguide/developmentalmonitoring.html#:~:text=The%20milestones%20included%20in%20CDC%E2%80%99s%20developmental%20milestone%20checklists,that%20are%20expected%20by%20his%20or%20her%20age.

 

# First, what are developmental milestones什麼是兒童發展里程碑?

Developmental milestones are skills that most children achieve by a certain age. 里程碑代表大部份孩子在該年齡可以做到的表現

Children reach milestones in how they play, learn, speak, act, and move. Skills such as smiling by 2 months, walking with help by age 1, and waving “bye-bye” by 18 months are some common developmental milestones, though there are many more.

Children develop at their own pace, so it’s difficult to tell exactly when a child will learn a given skill. However, age-specific developmental milestones give a general idea of the skills to expect.

The milestones included in CDC’s developmental milestone checklists reflect what MOST (estimated between 75% – 90%) children achieve by a given age. 大部份孩子指的是75-90%能夠做到

 

# Developmental monitoring is tracking when or whether a child reaches the milestones that are expected by his or her age.

It is something parents and other caregivers can do, on a regular and ongoing basis. Doing so provides important information about a child’s developmental health.

Using CDC’s developmental milestone checklists makes it easy! 使用CDC的兒童發展里程碑是最簡便的方法

 

# Why Monitor Developmental Milestones為什麼監測兒童發展里程碑?

Monitoring developmental milestones using a simple milestone checklist helps parents know what skills are typical at their children’s ages and what to expect next. 了解孩子在不同年齡應該有的表現

It also helps them to know when to act if they have a concern or if there are signs of possible developmental delay or disability, so they and their children can get the services and supports they need as early as possible. 如果有發展落後即可早些給予幫助

Parents know their children best. 父母最了解自己的孩子

If a child is not meeting the milestones for his or her age, or if WIC staff or a parent think there could be a problem with a child’s development, it is important that the child be referred to their primary healthcare provider or another program for developmental screening and follow-up.

WIC staff can help parents monitor their children’s development and support them in taking action when there is a concern.

 

# How Common are Developmental Disabilities?

Developmental disabilities among children and youth are quite common and are a significant public health issue.

• 1 in 6 children aged 3–17 years have developmental disabilities—conditions that affect how children play, learn, speak, act, or move for their age. 每六個孩子就有一位可能有發展障礙
• Many children with a developmental disability are not identified until after they start school. 許多有發展障礙的孩子到了入小學都沒有被辨識診察
• Children from families with low incomes, like those served by WIC, are at even greater risk.

# What Difference Did It Make?

1. More children’s development was monitored by their parents孩子的發展需要靠父母親的監測
• In 18 months, >14,000 parents in St. Louis and nine clinics across eastern Missouri completed milestone checklists.
2. Parents learned new information about child development父母親學習孩子的發展知識並不困難
• Of 119 parents participating in a survey about the Program, 97% reported learning new information about child development from the Program materials.
3. Children with missed milestones were referred to their doctor for developmental screening, were further evaluated if needed, and received services, if needed. 孩子的發展里程碑有沒有達成的，就應該請兒科醫師協助做發展篩檢
• The Program evaluated referral outcomes of 122 children aged 12–48 months who were referred to their primary care doctors for possible developmental concerns during the first 6 months of program implementation. Of the 122 children, 84 returned to WIC clinics during the following 6 months, and parents reported what happened after the referral:
• 61% of the 84 children were seen by their doctor because of the WIC referral.
• Of the children seen by their doctors, 41% were referred on for additional testing by other professionals and 29% accessed intervention services.