孩子每天的液體需要量如何計算?

許多家長在看診時對於孩子平時應該喝多少水分(液體)常顯得模糊不清或者完全沒有概念，只是一昧要孩子多喝水而沒有清楚的目標，尤其再孩子生病發燒的十後更為重要。

以下將加拿大衛生當局的建議(其實也是最常被使用的一種計算方式)，提供給家長參考使用。除了學會計算每天的液體攝取量之外，有三個原則家長也應了解。

1)水分是每天營養攝取中最重要的營養素

2)每天應攝取足夠量水分以確保身體機能正常運作

3)生病時(如發燒或腹瀉嘔吐)應增加攝取量以補足需求增加以及流失

HEALTH CANADA’S:  FLUID MANAGEMENT IN CHILDREN

Maintenance fluid is the amount of fluid the body needs to replace regular daily losses. A well child usually drinks more than maintenance requirements. The requirements for maintenance fluids vary with the weight of the child. Various medical conditions as well as the child’s activity level will also affect these requirements.

In general, maintenance fluids can be considered the minimum fluid intake that a child requires in order to avoid dehydration.

Follow the chart below to calculate the child’s minimum fluid requirements:

Daily Maintenance Fluid Requirements (24 hour period)

Calculation:

100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg body weight

+ 50 mL/kg for the next 10 kg body weight

+ 20 mL for every kilogram of body weight over 20 kg.

 

For example, minimum daily fluid intake for…

1. For 10 kg child: 10 kg x 100 mL/kg = 1000 mL

2. For 15 kg child: (10 kg x 100 mL/kg) + (5 kg x 50 mL/kg) = 1250 mL

3. For 25 kg child: (10 kg x 100 mL/kg) + (10 kg x 50 mL/kg) + (5 kg x 20 mL/kg) = 1600 mL

 

Reference:

Health Canada (2002). Fluid management: Fluid requirements in children. Retrieved from:

www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnih-spni/alt_formats/fnihb-dgspni/pdf/pubs/nursing-infirm/ped_chap_04_e.pdf