正常哭泣或腸絞痛的照顧建議

Care Advice for Normal Crying or Colic

來自西雅圖兒童醫院的文章

資料來源

https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/crying-baby-before-3-months-old/#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20reason%20babies%20cry%20is%20because,the%20end%20of%20the%20feeding%2C%20they%20are%20happy.

1.      What You Should Know About Crying:

o    Normal Crying: all babies cry when they are hungry. Also, the normal baby has 1 to 2 hours of unexplained crying each day. It is scattered throughout the day. As long as they are happy and content when they are not crying, this is normal.

o    Colic: some babies are very hard to comfort. Some babies also cry a lot (over 3 hours per day). If growing normally and have a normal medical exam, the crying is called colic. Remind yourself that colic is due to your baby's temperament. It has nothing to do with your parenting or any medical disease.

o    Here is some care advice that should help both types of crying.  

2.      Feedings:

o    For formula-fed babies, feed if more than 2 hours since the last feeding. For breast-fed babies, feed if more than 1½ hours since the last feeding.

o    Be careful not to feed your baby every time she cries. Some babies cry because of a bloated stomach from overfeeding. Let your baby decide when she's had enough milk. (For example, she turns her head away.) Don't encourage your baby to finish what's in the bottle.

3.      Caffeine.

。If breastfeeding, decrease your caffeine intake. Limit your coffee, tea and energy

drinks to 2 servings per day. That's 2 cups or 16 ounces (480 mL).  

4.      Hold and Comfort for Crying:

o    Hold and try to calm your baby whenever he cries without a reason. Hold your baby flat to help them relax and go to sleep.

o    Rock your child in a rocking chair, in a cradle or while standing. Many babies calm best with rapid tiny movements like vibrations.

o    Place in a windup swing or vibrating chair.

o    Take for a stroller ride, outdoors or indoors.

o    Do anything else you think may be comforting. Examples are using a pacifier, massage, or warm bath.  

5.      Swaddle your Baby in a Blanket for Crying:

o    Swaddling is the most helpful technique for calming crying babies. It also keeps your baby from waking up with a startle reflex.

o    Use a big square blanket and the "burrito-wrap" technique:

o    Step 1: have the arms inside and straight at the sides.

o    Step 2: pull the left side of the blanket over the upper body and tuck.

o    Step 3: fold the bottom up with the knees a little flexed. Safe swaddling keeps the legs in a straddle position.

o    Step 4: pull the right side over the upper body and tuck.

o    Caution: don't cover your baby's head or overheat your baby.

o    Caution: stop swaddling when your baby shows signs of rolling over. Age limit: 2 months. The startle reflex will most often be gone by this age. At 2 months, transfer to a sleep sack with the arms out.

o    Read the book (or view the DVD),"The Happiest Baby on the Block". Both products are authored by Dr. Harvey Karp. It is the best resource on how to calm fussy babies. 

6.      White Noise for Crying:

o    Swaddling works even better when paired with a low-pitched white noise. Examples are a CD, vacuum cleaner, fan or other constant sound.

o    Caution: avoid making white noise too loud. Reason: risk of hearing damage.

o    Keep the white noise on any time your baby is crying.

o    When your baby is awake and not crying, keep your baby unwrapped. Turn off the white noise. Reason: so she can get used to the normal sounds of your home. For details, view Dr. Karp's DVD.  

7.      Falling Asleep on their Own:

o    Often babies cry because they need to sleep. If over 2 hours have passed since the last nap, this probably is the reason.

o    You have tried different ways to comfort your baby. You fed him recently. Nothing you do seems to help your baby relax. So, now, it's time to get out of the way.

o    Swaddle your baby. Place him on his back in his crib. Turn on some white noise or soothing music. Then, leave the room.

o    Let your baby fuss until he falls asleep.

o    For some overtired babies, this is the only answer.

8.      Encourage Nighttime Sleep (Rather Than Daytime Sleep):

o    Try to keep your child from sleeping too much during the daytime.

9.      If your baby has napped 2 hours or longer, gently wake him up. Play with or feed your baby, depending on his needs. This will lessen the amount of time your baby is awake at night.

10.  Warning: Never Shake a Baby

o    It can cause bleeding on the brain. Severe brain damage can happen in a few seconds.

o    Never leave your baby with someone who is immature or has a bad temper.

o    If you are frustrated, put your baby down in a safe place.

o    Call or ask a friend or relative for help.

o    Take a break until you calm down.

11.  What to Expect:

o    The right technique should start to reduce the crying. You may have to try several things before finding the best method.

o    The crying should start to decrease to about 1 hour per day.

o    Colic peaks at 4 to 6 weeks. Colic gets better after 2 months of age. Most often, it is gone by 3 months.

12.  Call Your Doctor If:

o    Your baby starts to look or act abnormal

o    Cries nonstop for more than 2 hours

o    Your child can't be consoled using this advice

o    You think your child needs to be seen

o    Your child becomes worse