Normal Child Behavior 正常的兒童行為
來自美國兒科醫學會的資訊
@ How do I
know if my child's behavior is normal?
Parents often
have difficulty telling the difference between variations in normal behavior
and true behavioral problems. In reality, the difference between normal and
abnormal behavior is not always clear; usually it is a matter of degree or
expectation.
A fine line
often divides normal from abnormal behavior, in part because what is "normal"
depends upon the child's level of
development 判斷是否屬於正常受到孩子發展程度很大的影響, which can
vary greatly among children of the same age.
Development
can be uneven, too, with a child's social development lagging behind his
intellectual growth, or vice versa.
In addition,
"normal" behavior is in part determined by the context in which it
occurs - that is, by the particular situation and time, as well as by the
child's own particular family values and expectations, and cultural and social
background.
Understanding
your child's unique developmental progress is necessary in order to interpret,
accept or adapt his behavior (as well as your own).
# Remember,
children have great individual variations of temperament, development and
behavior.
@ Three Types
of Behavior
# Some parents find it helpful to
consider three general kinds of behavior:
1. Some kinds of
behavior are wanted and approved. They might include doing homework, being
polite, and doing chores. These actions receive compliments freely and easily.
2. Other behavior
is not sanctioned but is tolerated under certain conditions, such as
during times of illness (of a parent or a child) or stress (a move, for
instance, or the birth of a new sibling). These kinds of behavior might include
not doing chores, regressive behavior (such as baby talk), or being excessively
self-centered.
3. Still other
kinds of behavior cannot and should not be tolerated or reinforced. They include
actions that are harmful to the physical, emotional, or social well-being of
the child, the family members, and others. They may interfere with the child's
intellectual development. They may be forbidden by law, ethics, religion, or
social mores. They might include very aggressive or destructive behavior, overt racism
or prejudice, stealing, truancy, smoking or substance abuse, school failure, or
an intense sibling rivalry.
@Your Response Plays a Role
# Your own parental responses are guided by whether you see the behavior as a problem.
Frequently,
parents over interpret or overreact to a minor, normal short-term change in
behavior. At the other extreme, they may ignore or downplay a serious problem.
They also may seek quick, simple answers to what are, in fact, complex
problems. All of these responses may create difficulties or prolong the time
for a resolution.
# Behavior that parents tolerate, disregard or consider reasonable differs from one family to the next.
Some of these
differences come from the parents' own upbringing; they may have had very
strict or very permissive parents themselves, and their expectations of their
children follow accordingly. Other behavior is considered a problem when
parents feel that people are judging them for their child's behavior; this
leads to an inconsistent response from the parents, who may tolerate behavior
at home that they are embarrassed by in public.
# The parents' own temperament, usual mood, and daily pressures will also influence how they interpret the child's behavior.
Easygoing
parents may accept a wider range of behavior as normal and be slower to label
something a problem, while parents who are by nature more stern move more
quickly to discipline their children. Depressed parents, or parents having
marital or financial difficulties, are less likely to tolerate much latitude in
their offspring's behavior. Parents usually differ from one another in their
own backgrounds and personal preferences, resulting in differing parenting
styles that will influence a child's behavior and development.
@ When There Is No Response
When
children's behavior is complex and challenging, some parents find reasons not
to respond. For instance, parents often rationalize ("It's not my
fault"), despair ("Why me?"), wish it would go away ("Kids
outgrow these problems anyway"), deny ("There's really no problem"),
hesitate to take action ("It may hurt his feelings"), avoid ("I
didn't want to face his anger") or fear rejection ("He won't love
me").
Your
Pediatrician Can Help
If you are
worried about your child's behavior or development, or if you are uncertain as
to how one affects the other, consult your pediatrician as early as possible,
even if just to be reassured that your child's behavior and development are
within a normal range.
Additional
Information:
·
How to Shape &
Manage Your Young Child's Behavior
·
Components of Good
Communication
·
Milestones Matter: 10
to Watch for by Age 5
Last
Updated 10/16/2018
Source Caring for
Your School-Age Child: Ages 5 to 12 (Copyright © 2004 American Academy of
Pediatrics)
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